Mononucleosis

Mononucleosis, often called "mono" or the "kissing disease," is a viral infection that primarily affects teenagers and young adults, though it can occur at any age.

Mono is commonly spread through close contact with saliva, making activities like kissing, eating, or sharing utensils frequent transmission methods.

While it’s usually not serious, the symptoms can disrupt daily life, causing extreme fatigue, fever, and a sore throat. Early diagnosis and proper care help to quicken recovery and prevent complications.

What Is Mononucleosis?

Mono is a highly contagious viral infection usually caused by Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), a member of the herpesvirus family. Though the infection is self-limiting and often resolves on its own, timely symptom management and supportive care are critical for a smoother healing process.

What makes mono challenging is its range of effects on the body. In some cases, complications like an enlarged spleen or liver inflammation can arise, so it's important to be mindful of your body’s signals. Rest, hydration, and managing your symptoms can make a big difference in speeding up your recovery.

Mononucleosis Symptoms

The symptoms of mononucleosis typically vary in severity and may develop gradually over several weeks. Common symptoms include:

• Fatigue
• Sore throat that may persist despite antibiotic treatment
• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck and armpits
• Swollen tonsils
• Headache
• Muscle weakness or aches
• Skin rash, sometimes referred to as a "mono rash"
• Enlarged spleen or liver

In most cases, symptoms lessen within a few weeks, but fatigue and swollen lymph nodes can linger for longer periods. If symptoms persist or worsen, we recommend consulting with a qualified primary care specialist or infectious disease specialist. 

Mononucleosis Causes

Mononucleosis is most commonly caused by the EBV, a member of the herpesvirus family. EBV spreads through direct contact with infected bodily fluids, particularly saliva. Other viruses, such as cytomegalovirus (CMV), can also cause mono-like symptoms, but EBV accounts for the majority of cases.

How You Get Mononucleosis

The virus spreads primarily through activities that involve close contact or sharing saliva. Common ways of contracting mono include:

• Kissing
• Sharing food, drinks, or utensils
• Coughing or sneezing near others
• Blood transfusions or organ transplantation

Can You Have Mononucleosis Twice? 

While the Epstein-Barr Virus stays dormant in the body after the initial infection, it is rare for mononucleosis symptoms to return. Reactivation of the virus typically occurs without noticeable symptoms but can sometimes lead to recurrent mono-like symptoms, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems.

How to Test for Mononucleosis

The diagnosis of mononucleosis typically involves a combination of symptom evaluation and laboratory tests. A few diagnostic methods include:

White blood cell count

A complete blood count (CBC) may show an increased number of white blood cells (lymphocytes), indicating the body is fighting an infection.

Monospot test

This blood test looks for heterophile antibodies produced in response to an EBV infection. It’s most reliable when conducted 2–4 weeks after symptoms begin.

EBV-specific antibody test

An EBV-specific antibody test detects antibodies that target EBV directly. It can confirm an infection, even in the early stages.

Our Mononucleosis Treatments

While there is no specific cure for mononucleosis, the treatments focus primarily on symptom relief and supporting recovery.

Mononucleosis Medications

Over-the-counter medications, such as acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or ibuprofen (Advil®), can help reduce fever, alleviate headaches, and manage muscle aches. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce swelling in the throat or tonsils.

Mononucleosis Symptoms Management

Rest and hydration should be prioritized during recovery. It also helps to gargle salt water or use throat lozenges to ease a sore throat and incorporate a nutritious diet that supports the immune system. It is also advised to avoid strenuous activities to prevent serious complications, such as a ruptured spleen.

Lifestyle Recommendations

To support recovery from mononucleosis, consider temporary lifestyle adjustments that promote healing and prevent complications.

The following recommendations help support your body during the healing process:

• Drink plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
• Get at least 8–10 hours of sleep per night, and take naps as needed to help your body recover.
• Avoid physical activities that strain the body or involve contact sports until cleared by a doctor.

CLS Health is Here to Help

Mononucleosis is challenging, but with the right care and attention, most people recover fully. If your symptoms persist or worsen, consult with a healthcare professional who can guide you throughout your recovery and address any concerns or complications.