Menopause is a natural part of aging, but that doesn’t mean it comes without questions. Whether you're starting to notice changes or are already in the thick of it, you may be wondering what’s normal, what to expect next, and how to feel your best during this time.
We’ve answered the most commonly asked menopause questions so you can feel informed, supported, and confident as you move through this phase of life.
1. What is menopause, and when does it begin?
Menopause is officially diagnosed when you’ve gone 12 months without a menstrual period. It usually happens between ages 45 and 55, with the average in the United States around age 51. It’s important to note that menopause is a natural part of aging that all women experience, not a disease or condition.
About 20% of women do not experience noticeable menopause symptoms.
Once you have stopped having periods for a full year, any vaginal bleeding afterward is considered abnormal and should be evaluated by a doctor.
2. What is perimenopause, and what are the early signs?
Perimenopause is the stage leading up to menopause, and it can begin several years before its onset. Typical signs include:
- Irregular or skipped periods
- Hot flashes or night sweats
- Mood changes or anxiety
- Brain fog or sleep disruption
- Weight changes, especially around the midsection
These symptoms are caused by hormonal shifts, particularly changes in estrogen and progesterone levels.
3. What are common symptoms during menopause?
Symptoms vary from person to person, but may include:
- Hot flashes and night sweats
- Vaginal dryness or discomfort during intercourse
- Mood swings or irritability
- Sleep problems
- Joint stiffness or aches
- Memory issues or difficulty focusing
4. How long does menopause last?
Menopause itself is defined as one point in time: 12 months without a period. However, perimenopause can last anywhere from 4 to 10 years. Symptoms may continue into postmenopause but often become less intense over time.
5. Why does menopause cause weight gain?
Lower estrogen levels can slow down metabolism and affect how your body stores fat. You may notice more fat around your belly, even if your routine hasn’t changed. Additionally, poor sleep and a decline in muscle mass can make weight maintenance more challenging during menopause.
6. What emotional changes should I expect during menopause?
Hormonal changes may affect your mood, especially if you already have a history of anxiety or depression. You might feel more irritable, weepy, or emotionally sensitive. Sleep disruptions and physical discomfort can also contribute to emotional shifts. If you're struggling with emotional ups and downs, speaking with a healthcare provider can help you find the right support.
7. Can menopause affect your heart or bones?
Yes, lower estrogen levels may increase your risk of heart disease and weaken your bones over time. That’s why it’s important to stay up to date with preventive care like cholesterol checks and bone density scans. Staying active and eating a balanced diet that includes calcium and vitamin D supports long-term health.
8. Should I continue seeing my provider after menopause?
Yes. Even after periods stop, it’s important to keep up with preventive care. This may include:
- Annual physicals
- Mammograms
- Bone density scans
- Pap smears until age 65 or as recommended
Your provider can guide you based on your age and personal risk factors.
9. What are the treatment options for menopause symptoms?
Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is one of the most effective treatments for vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and night sweats. It can also support bone health and improve sleep when used within 10 years of menopause onset.
If symptoms are limited to vaginal dryness or frequent UTIs, your OB/GYN may recommend vaginal estrogen. Unlike systemic HRT, vaginal estrogen is applied locally, is not significantly absorbed into the bloodstream, and does not carry the same risks as systemic therapy.
Non-hormonal treatment options include:
- SSRIs or other medications for hot flashes
- Vaginal moisturizers or lubricants
- Cognitive behavioral therapy for mood symptoms
- Lifestyle changes such as regular exercise, mindfulness, or dietary adjustments
The right treatment depends on your symptoms, health history, and personal preferences.
10. When should I talk to a provider?
It’s a good idea to speak with your healthcare provider if you’re experiencing any symptoms or concerns that negatively affect your quality of life. Reasons to schedule a visit include:
- Symptoms that disrupt your daily routine or sleep
- Questions about treatment options
- Bleeding after your periods have stopped
- Concerns about bone health, heart disease risk, or other long-lasting effects
Navigate Menopause with Confidence and Care
Menopause is a natural part of life—but you don’t have to manage it alone. Partnering with your primary care physician or OB/GYN ensures you get the personalized support, screenings, and guidance you need to feel your best. Take the next step in your care journey and schedule a visit today.
