Colorectal cancer refers to cancer in the colon and/or rectum, or both. Most colorectal cancers first develop as polyps, which are abnormal growths inside the colon or rectum. If not removed, these growths can later become cancerous.
Why Early Detection Matters
Colorectal cancer often causes no symptoms in its early stages. That is why routine screening is important, even if you feel well.
Screening can help find precancerous polyps before they become cancer or detect colorectal cancer earlier, when treatment is often more effective. Colorectal cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in the United States and is now the leading cause of cancer death among adults under 50.
Delays in screening can increase the risk of missed or later-stage diagnoses. If you are due for screening or have symptoms such as rectal bleeding, persistent bowel changes, unexplained weight loss, or ongoing abdominal discomfort, talk with a healthcare provider about the next step.
Colorectal Cancer Risk Factors
Some risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed. Others are related to lifestyle and may be managed with healthy habits.
- Physical inactivity – People who are not physically active may have a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Regular moderate to vigorous physical activity may help lower risk.
- Overweight and obesity – Excess body weight is linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. Maintaining a healthy weight may help lower risk.
- Diet – Diets high in red meat and processed meats may increase colorectal cancer risk. Following a healthy eating pattern that includes more fruits, vegetables, whole grains, calcium-rich foods, and vitamin D-containing foods may support colorectal health.
- Smoking – Long-term tobacco use is linked to a higher risk of colorectal cancer. If you smoke, quitting can support your overall health and may lower cancer risk.
- Alcohol – Moderate to heavy alcohol use has been linked to colorectal cancer. Limiting alcohol may help lower risk.
Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer first develops with few, if any, symptoms. Talk to a healthcare provider if you notice symptoms such as:
- Change in bowel habits
- Rectal bleeding or blood in the stool
- Ongoing abdominal pain or cramping
- Feeling weak or fatigued
- Unexplained weight loss
When Should You Start Colorectal Cancer Screening?
Adults at average risk should begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. People with a family history of colorectal cancer, a personal history of polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, or certain hereditary cancer syndromes may need to start earlier or screen more often.
Your provider can help determine which screening option is appropriate based on your age, risk factors, symptoms, and medical history.
Ways to Lower Your Risk
Some colorectal cancer risk factors, such as age and family history, cannot be changed. However, healthy habits may help lower your risk.
You can support colorectal health by:
- Staying physically active
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Eating more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains
- Limiting red and processed meats
- Avoiding tobacco
- Limiting alcohol
- Getting screened at the recommended age
Schedule Colorectal Cancer Screening in Houston
Colorectal cancer can often be prevented or found earlier through routine screening. If you are 45 or older, have a family history of colorectal cancer, or are experiencing symptoms such as rectal bleeding, bowel habit changes, unexplained weight loss, or ongoing abdominal discomfort, talk with a provider about screening or evaluation.
CLS Health Gastroenterology can help you understand your screening options and next steps. Schedule an appointment today to discuss colorectal cancer screening in Houston.
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